SYLLABUS OF MSc. ENTRANCE EXAMS
The most probable syllabus for MSc Entrance Exams held in India for Biotechnology. As I get to know more I will be further updating the syllabus provided here.
A. BIOLOGY/ LIFE SCIENCES:
14. Plant Physiology:
B. CHEMISTRY:
- Cell and Molecular Biology:
- The cell as the basic unit of life
- Cell organelles
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, viruses
- The organization of genetic material
- DNA, RNA: types
- Prokaryotic And eukaryotic transcription and translation
- Replication
- Respiration: aerobic and anaerobic
- Cell locomotion (cilia flagella and amoeboid)
- Cell division ( amitosis, mitosis, meiosis) and cell cycle
- Cancer
- Cell senescence and death: apoptosis
- The interaction between cells and their environment
- Biomembranes
- Water: properties
- Biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
- Transport across cell membrane
- Signal transduction and cell signaling
- Enzymes: definition, properties, nomenclature and classification, kinetics
- Enzymes: regulation, inhibition
- Acids, bases, and solution
- Hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in biological molecules
- Non-covalent and intermolecular forces determining the 3D folding pattern of biomolecules
- Comparison of biochemical reactions with ordinary reactions
- Peptidoglycans, polysaccharides and membrane lipids
- Haemoglobin, cytochromes
- Spectroscopy: Beer Lambert’s Law
- Quantitative estimation of DNA, RNA, carbohydrates, and proteins
- Microscopy: Light (simple), electron, phase contrast, and fluorescence
- Chromatography: TLC, HPLC, and paper
- Centrifugation: types, principle, density gradient, and differential centrifugation, applications
- Electrophoresis: paper and SDS-PAGE
- Autoradiography
- Basic cytological techniques: squash, fixation, dehydration, embedding, and staining of tissues
- Anionic and cationic dyes, chromatophores, auxochromes and mordants
- Physiochemical examination of water
- Estimation of BOD, COD
- Enzyme biotechnology
- Media preparation and sterilization
- Aseptic cleaning of glassware
- Maintenance and preservation of cultures
- Isolation and purification of microorganisms from air, water, soil
- Culture from body fluids: urine, sputum, blood
- Isolation of phages from nature
- Microbial growth
- Bacterial growth in batch culture, exponential growth, generation time, growth curve parameters, growth inhibitors
- Methods of cell counting: fresh and dry weight determination
- Antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms; use of antibiotic discs
- The concept of microbial species, strains, and characterization, the naming of species, strains
- Taxonomy: a phylogenetic approach, numerical taxonomy
- New approaches to bacterial taxonomy: base composition of DNA: determination and significance
- Nutritional classification of microorganisms
- Microbial metabolism: common microbial fermentation
- Primary metabolites: Vit B12, citric acid, ethanol production
- Secondary metabolites: toxins, antibiotics (penicillin)
- Microbial biomass: production of yeast biomass and mushroom culture, algal biomass, SCP
- Metabolic pathways in microorganisms: glycolysis, EDP, PPP
- Anaerobic respiration
- Oxidation of inorganic molecules by bacteria
- Microbial flora of healthy human host: origin and characteristics of normal flora, germ-free and gnotobiotic life, the effect of antimicrobial agents
- Distribution and occurrence of normal flora in the human body
- Process of infection
- Microbial virulence factors
- Bacterial and viral diseases: diphtheria, cholera, typhoid, syphilis, polio, hepatitis, AIDS
- Fungal diseases: dermatophytosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis
- Microbial biodiversity: microbes in extreme environment and their use
- The cell surface of gram + and –
- Serotypes wrt Salmonella
- Identification of isolated bacteria. Gram staining and other staining methods
- Metabolic characterization- IMViC test
- 5. Genetics
- Heredity and variation, sources of variation, genotype, phenotype, and environmental variation.
- Transcription, translation, replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- Operon model
- DNA, RNA, nucleosome
- Chromosomes- structure, types according to centromere position
- Types of chromosomes- lampbrush, salivary gland chromosome
- Nucleocytoplasmic interaction wrt Acetabularia
- Gene linkage: kinds, theories of linkage
- The significance of linkage, mechanism
- Sex chromosome: mechanism of sex determination
- Sex-linked inheritance: hemophilia, color blindness
- HGP, human karyotype
- Common genetic diseases- sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, albinism, alcaptonuria
- Multiple alleles, blood groups
- Mutation: structural and numerical changes
- Mutation: types, causes, mutagens
- Split genes, overlapping genes, pseudogenes
- Genetic code: characteristics
- Cytoplasmic inheritance: maternal effect
- Population genetics: Hardy Weinberg Law, gene and genotypic frequency
- Bacterial recombination: transformation, conjugation
- Isolation of auxotrophs, the replica plating technique
- Analysis of mutation in biochemical pathways
- One gene one enzyme hypothesis
- Gene expression in yeast, cell cycle regulating genes
- Phenotypic and genotypic changes in response to environmental alterations
- Basic principles
- Selection and isolation of genes to be cloned
- Enzymes used in genetic engineering
- Vectors
- Genomic library, cDNA library (construction and screening)
- Identification of recombinant clones
- Cloning, PCR
- Molecular markers
- Methods of gene transfer
- Applications of genetic engineering: (a) in medicine and pharmaceuticals: somatostatin, somatotropin, insulin, interferon, clotting factor VIII, interleukin, TPA, recombinant vaccine, diagnostic reagents: DNA probe, MABs, gene therapy, edible vaccines, DNA fingerprinting (b) In agriculture: viral resistance, pesticide resistance, increasing nutritional value, prevention of frost damage, prevention of fruit softening, manipulation of livestock
- Human Genome Project
- Biosafety guidelines
- Intellectual property rights
- Measurement of central tendency: mean, mode, median
- Measurement of deviation, dispersion: standard deviation and standard error
- Probability
- T-test and chi-square test
- Introduction to bioinformatics
- Genomics, proteomics
- Biological databases
- Sequence homology
- Sequences analysis tools, uses of BLAST and FASTA
- Emerging areas of bioinformatics
- Software in bioinformatics
- Ecology: ecosystems
- Environment
- Plant communities
- Biogeochemical cycles
- Population ecology
- Environment pollution
- Pollution control measures
- Biodiversity
- Conservation of natural resources
- Evolution: theories
- Role of variation
- Adaptation
- Speciation
- Isolation and process of evolution
- Pollution control: uses of microorganisms
- Environment and energy: renewable resources of the environment
- Fuels from microorganisms: methane, methanol, biogas
- Solid waste management
- Treatment of municipal wastes and industrial effluents
- Bioleaching
- Restoration of degraded lands
- Bioremediation
- Stress tolerant plants
- Nitrogen fixation
- Biofertilizers
- Plant tissue culture techniques
- Micropropagation
- Somatic embryogenesis
- Protoplast fusion, isolation, and culture
- Somatic hybridization
- Cryopreservation
- Artificial seeds
- Somaclonal variations
- Animal tissue culture
- Animal cell products
- Animal cell lines
- Transgenic animals
- Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
- Physiology of digestion,
- Respiration,
- Excretion, osmoregulation,
- Circulation
- muscle contraction
- A nerve impulse, thermoregulation
- Endocrine glands
- Reproduction in animals
- Innate and acquired immunity
- Active and passive immunity
- Types of antigens and antibodies
- Lymphocyte Homing
- Antigen-antibody reactions
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Hybridoma technology
- Immunodiffusion
- ELISA
- Hypersensitivity
- Autoimmune diseases
- Immunological disorders
14. Plant Physiology:
- Plant water relations
- Mineral nutrition
- Translocation of organic substances
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration
- Growth and development
- Photoperiodism
- Dormancy
- Vernalization
- Senescence
- Nitrogen and fat metabolism
B. CHEMISTRY:
- Physical Chemistry
- Gaseous state
- Liquid state
- Colloidal state
- Solid state
- Ionic solids
- Chemical kinetics, theories
- Adsorption and catalysis
- Thermodynamics
- Chemical equilibrium
- Electrochemistry
- Phase equilibrium
- Atomic structure
- Periodic properties
- Chemical bonding
- Ionic bonding
- S block elements
- P block elements
- Chemistry of noble gases
- Chemistry of 1st transition elements
- Chemistry of 2nd and 3rd transition series
- Chemistry of lanthanides and actinides
- Coordination compounds
- Acids and Bases
- Non-aqueous solvents
- Oxidation and reduction
- Analytical chemistry
- Structure and bonding
- Mechanism of organic reactions
- Stereochemistry of organic reactions
- Alkanes and cycloalkanes
- Arenes and cycloalkenes
- Dienes and alkynes
- Alkyl halides
- Aryl halides
- Spectroscopy: absorption and emission
- Alcohols
- Phenols
- Aldehydes and ketones
- Ethers and epoxides
- Carboxylic acids
- Carboxylic acid derivatives
- Organic compounds of nitrogen
- Amines
- Physical world and measurement
- 1-dimensional motion
- 2-dimensional motion
- Circular motion
- Newton’s laws of motion
- Friction
- Work, power, and energy
- Rotational motion
- Simple harmonic motion
- Waves
- Thermodynamics
- Heat
- Viscosity
- Surface tension
- Electrostatics
- Electricity
- Heating effects of current
- Magnetic effects of current
- Magnetism
- Modern physics: atomic structure
- Wave Optics
- Ray optics
- Semiconductors and P-N junction
This year IIT JAM 2019 was conducted by IIT KHARAGPUR and the syllabi provided on the website for Biotechnology (BT) is http://jam.iitkgp.ac.in/?id=p&n=402
“You need to go from wanting to change your life to deciding to change your life” - Jen Sincero.
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